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The Siege of Szigetvár or Battle of Szigeth (pronunciation: () (ハンガリー語:Szigetvár ostroma), (クロアチア語:Bitka kod Sigeta ''or'' Sigetska bitka), (トルコ語:Zigetvar Kuşatması)) was a siege of the fortress of Szigetvár, Kingdom of Hungary, that blocked Suleiman's line of advance towards Vienna in 1566 AD.〔Turnbull (2003), p. 56.〕 The battle was fought between the defending forces of the Habsburg Monarchy under the leadership of Nikola Šubić Zrinski ((ハンガリー語:Zrínyi Miklós)), Ban of Croatia, and the invading Ottoman army under the nominal command of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent ( ''Süleymān'').〔 After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, which resulted in the end of the independent Kingdom of Hungary, Ferdinand I was elected King by the nobles of both Hungary and Croatia.〔 This was followed by a series of conflicts with the Habsburgs and their allies, fighting against the Ottoman Empire. In the Little War in Hungary both sides exhausted themselves after sustaining heavy casualties. The Ottoman campaign in Hungary ceased until the offensive against Szigetvár.〔 In January 1566 Suleiman went to war for the last time.〔 The siege of Szigetvár was fought from 5 August to 8 September 1566 and, though it resulted in an Ottoman victory, there were heavy losses on both sides. Both commanders died during the battle—Zrinski in the final charge and Suleiman in his tent from natural causes.〔〔It is generally accepted that Suleiman died in his tent behind the siege lines from natural causes, before the Turks achieved victory. According to George F. Nafziger, Suleiman died of a heart attack when learned of his victory. According to Stephen Turnbull, several contemporary accounts, such as the ones used later by Nicholas VII Zrinski for his epic, attribute Suleiman's death to Zrinski's hand.〕 More than 20,000 Turks had fallen during the attacks and almost all of Zrinski's 2,300 man garrison was killed, with most of the final 600 men killed on the last day.〔Lieber (1845), p. 345.〕 Although the battle was an Ottoman victory, it stopped the Ottoman push to Vienna that year. Vienna was not threatened again until the Battle of Vienna in 1683.〔 The importance of the battle was considered so great that the French clergyman and statesman Cardinal Richelieu was reported to have described it as "the battle that saved civilization."〔 The battle is still famous in Croatia and Hungary and inspired both the Hungarian epic poem ''The Siege of Sziget'' and the Croatian opera ''Nikola Šubić Zrinski''.〔Cornis-Pope and Neubauer (2004), pp. 518–522.〕 ==Background== On 29 August 1526 the forces of the Kingdom of Hungary led by King Louis II were defeated at the Battle of Mohács by Ottoman forces led by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.〔Turnbull (2003), p. 49〕 Louis died in the battle which resulted in the end of the independent Kingdom of Hungary, as he died without an heir. Both Hungary and Croatia became disputed territories with claims from both the Habsburg and Ottoman empires. Ferdinand I from the House of Habsburg, brother of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, married the sister of Louis II〔Turnbull (2003), pp. 49–51.〕 and was elected King by the nobles of both Hungary and Croatia.〔Corvisier and Childs (1994), p. 289〕〔Milan Kruhek: Cetin, grad izbornog sabora Kraljevine Hrvatske 1527, Karlovačka Županija, 1997, Karlovac〕 The throne of Hungary became the subject of a dynastic dispute between Ferdinand and John Zápolya from Transylvania. Suleiman had promised to make Zápolya the ruler of all Hungary.〔Turnbull (2003), pp. 55–56.〕 Ferdinand set out to enforce his claim on Hungary and captured Buda from John Zápolya in 1527, only to relinquish his hold on it in 1529 when an Ottoman counter-attack stripped Ferdinand of all his territorial gains during 1527 and 1528.〔 The Siege of Vienna in 1529 was the first attempt by Suleiman the Magnificent to capture the Austrian capital. This siege signalled the pinnacle of Ottoman power and the maximum extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Siege of Szigetvár」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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